A Brief History
From Mendel to the Human Genome Project

Gregor Mendel, the father of modern genetics, presents his research on experiments in plant hybridization 1865
1869
Friedrich Miescher identifies "nuclein," DNA with associated proteins, from cell nuclei
Rosalind Franklin creates Photograph 51, showing a distinctive pattern that indicates the helical shape of DNA 1952
1953
James Watson and Francis Crick discover the double helix structure of DNA
Marshall Nirenberg cracks the genetic code for protein synthesis 1961
1977
Frederick Sanger develops rapid DNA sequencing technique
First genetic disease mapped, Huntington’s Disease 1983
1983
Invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for amplifying DNA
Cystic Fibrosis gene mutation identified 1989
1990
First evidence provided for the existence of the BRCA1 gene
The Human Genome Project begins 1990
1995
Haemophilus influenzae becomes first bacterium genome sequenced
“Bermuda Principles” drafted for Human Genome Project free data access 1996
1998
Celera Genomics Corporation founded for sequencing the human genome
Chromosome 22 first human chromosome to be decoded 1999
2000
Genome sequence of model organism fruit fly reported
First draft of the human genome released 2001
2002
Mouse becomes first mammalian research organism with decoded genome
Human Genome Project completion announced 2003
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Genómica: conocimientos

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